Uniformly distributed pseudorandom integers

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Syntax

X = randi(imax)

X = randi(imax,n)

X = randi(imax,sz1,...,szN)

X = randi(imax,sz)

X = randi(___,typename)

X = randi(___,"like",p)

X = randi([imin,imax],___)

X = randi(s,___)

Description

X = randi(imax) returns a pseudorandom scalar integer between 1 and imax.

example

X = randi(imax,n) returns an n-by-n matrix of pseudorandom integers drawn from the discrete uniform distribution on the interval [1,imax].

X = randi(imax,sz1,...,szN) returns an sz1-by-...-by-szN array where sz1,...,szN indicate the size of each dimension. For example, randi(10,3,4) returns a 3-by-4 array of pseudorandom integers between 1 and 10.

example

X = randi(imax,sz) returns an array where size vector sz defines size(X). For example, randi(10,[3 4]) returns a 3-by-4 array of pseudorandom integers between 1 and 10.

example

X = randi(___,typename) returns an array of pseudorandom integers between 1 and imax of data type typename. The typename input can be "single", "double", "int8", "uint8", "int16", "uint16", "int32", "uint32", or "logical". You can use any of the input arguments in the previous syntaxes.

example

X = randi(___,"like",p) returns an array of pseudorandom integers like p; that is, with the same data type and complexity (real or complex) as p. You can specify either typename or "like", but not both.

example

X = randi([imin,imax],___) returns an array containing integers drawn from the discrete uniform distribution on the interval [imin,imax], using any of the above syntaxes.

X = randi(s,___) generates integers from random number stream s instead of the default global stream. To create a stream, use RandStream. You can specify s followed by any of the input argument combinations in previous syntaxes.

Examples

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Square Matrix of Random Integers

Open Live Script

Generate a 5-by-5 matrix of random integers between 1 and 10. The first input to randi indicates the largest integer in the sampling interval (the smallest integer in the interval is 1).

r = randi(10,5)

r = 5×5 9 1 2 2 7 10 3 10 5 1 2 6 10 10 9 10 10 5 8 10 7 10 9 10 7

Random Integers Within Specified Interval

Open Live Script

Generate a 10-by-1 column vector of uniformly distributed random integers from the sample interval [-5,5].

r = randi([-5,5],10,1)

r = 10×1 3 4 -4 5 1 -4 -2 1 5 5

Control Random Number Generation

Open Live Script

Save the current state of the random number generator and create a 1-by-5 vector of random integers.

s = rng;r = randi(10,1,5)

r = 1×5 9 10 2 10 7

Restore the state of the random number generator to s, and then create a new 1-by-5 vector of random integers. The values are the same as before.

rng(s);r1 = randi(10,1,5)

3-D Array of Random Integers

Open Live Script

Create a 3-by-2-by-3 array of uniformly distributed random integers between 1 and 500.

X = randi(500,[3,2,3])

X = X(:,:,1) = 408 457 453 317 64 49X(:,:,2) = 140 483 274 79 479 486X(:,:,3) = 479 71 243 211 401 458

Random Integers of Other Data Types

Open Live Script

Create a 1-by-4 vector of random numbers between 1 and 100 whose elements are of type int16.

r = randi(100,1,4,"int16")

r = 1x4 int16 row vector 82 91 13 92

class(r)

ans = 'int16'

Size Defined by Existing Array

Open Live Script

Create a matrix of uniformly distributed random integers between 1 and 10 with the same size as an existing array.

A = [3 2; -2 1];sz = size(A);X = randi(10,sz)

X = 2×2 9 2 10 10

It is a common pattern to combine the previous two lines of code into a single line:

X = randi(10,size(A));

Size and Numeric Data Type Defined by Existing Array

Open Live Script

Create a 2-by-2 matrix of 8-bit signed integers.

p = int8([3 2; -2 1]);

Create an array of random integers that is the same size and data type as p.

X = randi(10,size(p),"like",p)

X = 2x2 int8 matrix 9 2 10 10

class(X)

ans = 'int8'

Random Complex Integers

Since R2022a

Open Live Script

Generate 10 random complex integers from the discrete uniform distribution over a square domain with real and imaginary parts in the interval [-5,5].

a = randi([-5,5],10,1,"like",1i)

a = 10×1 complex 3.0000 + 4.0000i -4.0000 + 5.0000i 1.0000 - 4.0000i -2.0000 + 1.0000i 5.0000 + 5.0000i -4.0000 + 5.0000i 5.0000 + 0.0000i 3.0000 - 4.0000i -1.0000 + 5.0000i 3.0000 + 5.0000i

Random Logical Array

Since R2023a

Open Live Script

Create a 5-by-5 matrix of random logical values (0s and 1s) with a discrete uniform distribution.

r = randi([0 1],5,"logical")

r = 5x5 logical array 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Input Arguments

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`imax` — Largest integer in sample interval
positive integer

Largest integer in sample interval, specified as a positiveinteger. randi draws values from the uniform distributionin the sample interval [1,imax].

Example: randi(10,5)

`imin` — Smallest integer in sample interval
`1` (default) | scalar integer

Smallest integer in sample interval, specified as a scalar integer.

Both imin and imax mustbe integers that satisfy imin ≤ imax.

For example, randi([50,100],5) returns a5-by-5 matrix of random integers between (and including) 50 and 100.

`n` — Size of square matrix
integer value

Size of square matrix, specified as an integer value.

If n is 0, then X isan empty matrix.
If n is negative, then it is treatedas 0.

`sz1,...,szN` — Size of each dimension (as separate arguments)
integer values

Size of each dimension, specified as separate arguments of integervalues.

If the size of any dimension is 0,then X is an empty array.
If the size of any dimension is negative, then itis treated as 0.
Beyond the second dimension, randi ignorestrailing dimensions with a size of 1. For example, randi([5,10],3,1,1,1) producesa 3-by-1 vector of random integers between 5 and 10.

`sz` — Size of each dimension (as a row vector)
integer values

Size of each dimension, specified as a row vector of integervalues. Each element of this vector indicates the size of the correspondingdimension:

If the size of any dimension is 0,then X is an empty array.
If the size of any dimension is negative, then itis treated as 0.
Beyond the second dimension, randi ignores trailing dimensions with a size of 1. For example, randi([5,10],[3 1 1 1]) produces a 3-by-1 vector of random integers between 5 and 10.

`typename` — Data type (class) to create
`"double"` (default) | `"single"` | `"int8"` | `"uint8"` | `"int16"` | `"uint16"` | `"int32"` | `"uint32"` | `"logical"`

Data type (class) to create, specified as "double", "single", "int8", "uint8", "int16", "uint16", "int32", "uint32", "logical", or the name of another class that provides randi support.

Example: randi(5,5,"int8")

`p` — Prototype of array to create
numeric array | logical array

Prototype of array to create, specified as a numeric or logical array.

Example: randi(5,5,"like",p)

`s` — Random number stream
`RandStream` object

Random number stream, specified as a RandStream object.

Example: s = RandStream("dsfmt19937"); randi(s,[5,10],[3 1])

Tips

The sequence of numbers produced by randi isdetermined by the internal settings of the uniform pseudorandom numbergenerator that underlies rand, randi,and randn. You can control that shared random numbergenerator using rng.
The arrays returned by randi can contain repeated integer values. This behavior is sometimes referred to as sampling with replacement. Use randperm if you require all unique values.
If imin and imax are outside the range of the output type (as specified by typename or by the prototype p), then randi first creates random integers within the interval [imin,imax] and converts any resulting out-of-range integers to the minimum or maximum value of the output type. For example:
```
rng default;r = randi([-10 10],1,10)
```
```
r = 7 9 -8 9 3 -8 -5 1 10 10
```
```
rng default;r = randi([-10 10],1,10,"logical")
```
```
r = 1×10 logical array 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1
```

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using MATLAB® Coder™.

Usage notes and limitations:

The data type (class) must be a built-in MATLAB^® numerictype. Does not invoke the static randi methodfor other classes. For example, randi(imax,sz,'myclass') doesnot invoke myclass.randi(imax,sz).
Size arguments must have a fixed size.
See Variable-Sizing Restrictions for Code Generation of Toolbox Functions (MATLAB Coder).
If extrinsic calls are enabled and randi is not called from inside a parfor loop, generated MEX files use the same random number state as MATLAB in serial code. Otherwise, the generated MEX code and standalone code maintain their own random number state that is initialized to the same state as MATLAB.

Thread-Based Environment
Run code in the background using MATLAB® `backgroundPool` or accelerate code with Parallel Computing Toolbox™ `ThreadPool`.

This function fully supports thread-based environments. For more information, see Run MATLAB Functions in Thread-Based Environment.

GPU Arrays
Accelerate code by running on a graphics processing unit (GPU) using Parallel Computing Toolbox™.

Usage notes and limitations:

The stream syntax randi(s,___) is not supported on a GPU.
You can specify typename as 'gpuArray'. If you specify typename as 'gpuArray', the default underlying type of the array is double.
To create a GPU array with underlying type datatype, specify the underlying type as an additional argument before typename. For example, X = randi(imax,3,datatype,'gpuArray') creates a 3-by-3 GPU array of random integers in the range [1 imax] with underlying type datatype.
You can specify the underlying type datatype as one of these options:
- 'double'
- 'single'
- 'logical'
- 'int8'
- 'uint8'
- 'int16'
- 'uint16'
- 'int32'
- 'uint32'
You can also specify the numeric variable p as a gpuArray.
If you specify p as a gpuArray, the underlying type of the returned array is the same as p.

For more information, see Run MATLAB Functions on a GPU (Parallel Computing Toolbox).

Distributed Arrays
Partition large arrays across the combined memory of your cluster using Parallel Computing Toolbox™.

Usage notes and limitations:

The stream syntax randi(s,___) is not supported for codistributed or distributed arrays.
You can specify typename as 'codistributed' or 'distributed'. If you specify typename as 'codistributed' or 'distributed', the default underlying type of the returned array is double.
To create a distributed or codistributed array with underlying type datatype, specify the underlying type as an additional argument before typename. For example, X = randi(imax,3,datatype,'distributed') creates a 3-by-3 distributed matrix of random integers in the range [1 imax] with underlying type datatype.
You can specify the underlying type datatype as one of these options:
- 'double'
- 'single'
- 'int8'
- 'uint8'
- 'int16'
- 'uint16'
- 'int32'
- 'uint32'
- 'logical'
You can also specify p as a codistributed or distributed array.
If you specify p as a codistributed or distributed array, the underlying type of the returned array is the same as p.
For additional codistributed syntaxes, see randi (codistributed) (Parallel Computing Toolbox).

For more information, see Run MATLAB Functions with Distributed Arrays (Parallel Computing Toolbox).

Version History

Introduced in R2008b

expand all

R2023a: Create random logical array

You can create a random logical array by specifying typename as "logical" or the prototype p as a logical array. For example, see Random Logical Array.

R2022a: Match complexity with `"like"`, and use `"like"` with `RandStream` object

The "like" input supports both real and complex prototype arrays. For example:

r = randi(2,2,"like",1i)

r = 2.0000 + 2.0000i 2.0000 + 1.0000i 1.0000 + 2.0000i 1.0000 + 2.0000i

All syntaxes support this feature. Also, you can now use "like" with a RandStream object as the first input of randi.

R2014a: Match data type of an existing variable with `'like'`

To generate random numbers with the same data type as an existing variable, use the syntax randi(__,'like',p). For example:

A = single(pi);r = randi(4,4,'like',A);class(r)

ans = single

This feature is not available when passing a RandStream object as the first input to randi.

R2013b: Non-integer size inputs are not supported

Specifying a dimension that is not an integer causes an error. Use floor to convert non-integer size inputs to integers.

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Uniformly distributed pseudorandom integers - MATLAB randi - MathWorks France (2024)

Syntax

Description

Examples

Square Matrix of Random Integers

Random Integers Within Specified Interval

Control Random Number Generation

3-D Array of Random Integers

Random Integers of Other Data Types

Size Defined by Existing Array

Size and Numeric Data Type Defined by Existing Array

Random Complex Integers

Random Logical Array

Input Arguments

`imax` — Largest integer in sample interval
positive integer

`imin` — Smallest integer in sample interval
`1` (default) | scalar integer

`n` — Size of square matrix
integer value

`sz1,...,szN` — Size of each dimension (as separate arguments)
integer values

`sz` — Size of each dimension (as a row vector)
integer values

`typename` — Data type (class) to create
`"double"` (default) | `"single"` | `"int8"` | `"uint8"` | `"int16"` | `"uint16"` | `"int32"` | `"uint32"` | `"logical"`

`p` — Prototype of array to create
numeric array | logical array

`s` — Random number stream
`RandStream` object

Tips

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using MATLAB® Coder™.

Thread-Based Environment
Run code in the background using MATLAB® `backgroundPool` or accelerate code with Parallel Computing Toolbox™ `ThreadPool`.

GPU Arrays
Accelerate code by running on a graphics processing unit (GPU) using Parallel Computing Toolbox™.

Distributed Arrays
Partition large arrays across the combined memory of your cluster using Parallel Computing Toolbox™.

Version History

R2023a: Create random logical array

R2022a: Match complexity with `"like"`, and use `"like"` with `RandStream` object

R2014a: Match data type of an existing variable with `'like'`

R2013b: Non-integer size inputs are not supported

See Also

Topics

Commande MATLAB

Americas

Europe

Asia Pacific

Uniformly distributed pseudorandom integers - MATLAB randi - MathWorks France (2024)

Syntax

Description

Examples

Square Matrix of Random Integers

Random Integers Within Specified Interval

Control Random Number Generation

3-D Array of Random Integers

Random Integers of Other Data Types

Size Defined by Existing Array

Size and Numeric Data Type Defined by Existing Array

Random Complex Integers

Random Logical Array

Input Arguments

imax — Largest integer in sample interval positive integer

imin — Smallest integer in sample interval 1 (default) | scalar integer

n — Size of square matrix integer value

sz1,...,szN — Size of each dimension (as separate arguments) integer values

sz — Size of each dimension (as a row vector) integer values

typename — Data type (class) to create "double" (default) | "single" | "int8" | "uint8" | "int16" | "uint16" | "int32" | "uint32" | "logical"

p — Prototype of array to create numeric array | logical array

s — Random number stream RandStream object

Tips

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation Generate C and C++ code using MATLAB® Coder™.

Thread-Based Environment Run code in the background using MATLAB® backgroundPool or accelerate code with Parallel Computing Toolbox™ ThreadPool.

GPU Arrays Accelerate code by running on a graphics processing unit (GPU) using Parallel Computing Toolbox™.

Distributed Arrays Partition large arrays across the combined memory of your cluster using Parallel Computing Toolbox™.

Version History

R2023a: Create random logical array

R2022a: Match complexity with "like", and use "like" with RandStream object

R2014a: Match data type of an existing variable with 'like'

R2013b: Non-integer size inputs are not supported

See Also

Topics

Commande MATLAB

Americas

Europe

Asia Pacific

`imax` — Largest integer in sample interval
positive integer

`imin` — Smallest integer in sample interval
`1` (default) | scalar integer

`n` — Size of square matrix
integer value

`sz1,...,szN` — Size of each dimension (as separate arguments)
integer values

`sz` — Size of each dimension (as a row vector)
integer values

`typename` — Data type (class) to create
`"double"` (default) | `"single"` | `"int8"` | `"uint8"` | `"int16"` | `"uint16"` | `"int32"` | `"uint32"` | `"logical"`

`p` — Prototype of array to create
numeric array | logical array

`s` — Random number stream
`RandStream` object

C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using MATLAB® Coder™.

Thread-Based Environment
Run code in the background using MATLAB® `backgroundPool` or accelerate code with Parallel Computing Toolbox™ `ThreadPool`.

GPU Arrays
Accelerate code by running on a graphics processing unit (GPU) using Parallel Computing Toolbox™.

Distributed Arrays
Partition large arrays across the combined memory of your cluster using Parallel Computing Toolbox™.

R2022a: Match complexity with `"like"`, and use `"like"` with `RandStream` object

R2014a: Match data type of an existing variable with `'like'`